THE PROSTATE.

The prostate is a walnut-sized gland in the “male” reproductive system located just below the bladder and in front of the rectum. ( Females do not have prostate.)

It surrounds the urethra—the tube that carries urine and semen out of the body. Its primary function is to produce fluid that nourishes and transports sperm. 

Understanding what the prostate does and its associated conditions can help you better understand your reproductive and urinary health. 

What the Prostate Does?

The prostate’s main job is to produce a fluid that makes up about 20% to 30% of semen. This fluid is rich in enzymes, zinc, and citric acid, which protect sperm and help them survive. 

During ejaculation, muscles in the prostate contract to push this fluid into the urethra and mix it with sperm and fluid from the seminal vesicles.

Additionally, the prostate acts as a valve during urination and ejaculation, sealing off the bladder so urine doesn't mix with semen. 

Normal Changes with Age:

It is completely normal for the prostate to slowly grow larger as you age. 

In your 20s and 30s: 

It is roughly the size of a walnut.

As you get older: It can grow to the size of a lemon. 

Common Prostate Conditions:

Because the prostate wraps around the urethra, its enlargement can squeeze the tube, causing urinary symptoms. The three most common conditions are:

Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH): 

A noncancerous enlargement of the prostate. Symptoms include a weak urine stream, difficulty starting urination, or frequently needing to pee at night. 

Prostatitis: 

Inflammation or infection of the prostate, which can cause painful urination and pelvic pain. It affects men of all ages. 

Prostate Cancer: 

One of the most common cancers in men. It typically grows slowly and may not cause symptoms in its early stages, which is why routine screenings (like a PSA blood test) are often recommended after age 50. 

You can learn more about prostate health and testing protocols through the CDC Prostate Cancer Basics.